Å få tilgang til Nextcloud filer ved å bruke WebDAV

Nextcloud fully supports the WebDAV protocol, and you can connect and synchronize with Nextcloud Files over WebDAV. In this chapter, you will learn how to connect Linux, macOS, Windows, and mobile devices to your Nextcloud server.

WebDAV stands for Distributed Authoring and Versioning. It is an HTTP extension that makes it easy to create, read, and edit files hosted on remote Web servers. With a WebDAV, client you can access your Nextcloud Files (including shares) on Linux, macOS and Windows in a similar way as any remote network share, and stay synchronized.

Before we get into configuring WebDAV, let’s take a quick look at the recommended way of connecting client devices to Nextcloud.

Official Nextcloud desktop and mobile clients

The recommended way to synchronize a computer with a Nextcloud server is by using the official Nextcloud sync clients. You can configure the client to save files in any local directory and you can choose which directories on the Nextcloud server to sync with. The client displays the current connection status and logs all activity, so you always know which remote files have been downloaded to your PC and you can verify that files created and updated on your local PC are properly synchronized with the server.

The recommended way to synchronize Android and Apple iOS devices is by using the official Nextcloud mobile apps.

To connect the official Nextcloud apps to a Nextcloud server use the same URL you use to access Nextcloud from your web browser - e.g.:

https://cloud.example.com

https://cloud.example.com/nextcloud (if Nextcloud is installed in a subdirectory)

Third-party WebDAV clients

If you prefer, you may also connect your computer to your Nextcloud server by using any third-party client that supports the WebDAV protocol (including what may be built into your operating system).

You can also use third-party WebDAV capable apps to connect your mobile device to Nextcloud.

When using third-party clients, keep in mind that they may not be optimized for use with Nextcloud or implement capabilities you consider important to your use case.

Mobile clients that Nextcloud community members have reported using include:

The URL to use when configuring third-party apps to connect to Nextcloud is a bit lengthier than the one for official clients:

https://cloud.example.com/remote.php/dav/files/USERNAME/

https://cloud.example.com/nextcloud/remote.php/dav/files/USERNAME/ (if Nextcloud is installed in a subdirectory)

Note

When using a third-party WebDAV client (including your operating system’s built-in client), you should use an application password for login rather than your regular password. In addition improved security, this increases performance significantly <https://github.com/nextcloud/server/issues/32729#issuecomment-1556667151>_. To configure an application password, log into the Nextcloud Web interface, click on the avatar in the top right and choose Personal settings. Then choose Security in the left sidebar and scroll to the very bottom. There you can create an app password (which can also be revoked in the future without changing your main user password).

Note

In the following examples, you should replace example.com/nextcloud with the URL of your Nextcloud server (omit the directory part if the installation is in the root of your domain), and USERNAME with the username of the connecting user.

Sjå WebDAV URL (nederst i venstre hjørne i instillinger) på din Nextcloud.

Tilgang til filer ved bruk av Linux

Du kan få tilgang til filer i Linux sitt operativ system ved å bruke desse følgjande metodane.

Nautilus filbehandler

When you configure your Nextcloud account in the GNOME Control Center, your files will automatically be mounted by Nautilus as a WebDAV share, unless you deselect file access.

Du kan også montere Nextcloud filene dine manuellt. Bruk davs:// protokollen til å kople Nautilus filbehandleren til din Nextcloud deling:

davs://example.com/nextcloud/remote.php/dav/files/USERNAME/

Note

Om din servertilkopling ikkje er HTTPS-sikret, bruk dav://` i staden for davs://:

Screenshot of configuring Nautilus file manager to use WebDAV

Note

The same method works for other file managers that use GVFS, such as MATE’s Caja and Cinnamon’s Nemo.

Aksessere filer med KDE og Dolphin filbehandler

For å aksessere dine Nextcloud filer gjennom å bruke Dolphin filbehandler i KDE, bruk webdav:// protocol:

webdav://example.com/nextcloud/remote.php/dav/files/USERNAME/
Screenshot of configuring Dolphin file manager to use WebDAV

Du kan skape ein permanent link til din Nextcloud server:

  1. Open Dolphin and click «Network» in the left-hand «Places» column.

  2. Klikk på ikonet merkt som Legg til Nettverk Mappe. Den resulterande dialogen bør komme med WebDAV allerede valgt.

  3. Om WebDAV ikkje er valgt, velg det.

  4. Trykk Neste.

  5. Tast inn dei følgjande innstillingane:

    • Name: the name you want to see in the Places bookmark, for example, Nextcloud.

    • User: the Nextcloud username you used to log in, for example, admin.

    • Server: the Nextcloud domain name, for example, example.com (without http:// before or directories afterwards).

    • Mappe – Gå inn på vegen nextcloud/remote.php/dav/files/USERNAME/.

  6. (Valgfritt) Sjekk «Skap ikon» valgboksen for at eit bokmerke skal vises i Steder kolonnen.

  7. (Valgfritt) Gi nokon spesielle innstillingar eller eit SSL sertifikat i «Port & Kryptert» valgboksen.

Oppretter WebDAV monteringar på Linux kommandør linjen.

Du kan opprette WebDAV monteringar frå Linux kommandør linja. Dette er nyttig om du føretrekker å aksessere Nextcloud på samme måte som nokon annan ekstern filsystem montering.

  1. Installer davfs2 WebDAV filsystem driver, som tillet deg å montere WebDAV delingar nettop som i noko anna eksternt filsystem.

    apt-get install davfs2

  2. Bruk denne kommandoen til å installere det på CentOS, Fedora, og openSUSE:

    yum install davfs2

  3. Legg deg sjølv til i davfs2 gruppen:

    usermod -aG davfs2 <username>

  4. Then create a nextcloud directory in your home directory for the mount point, and .davfs2/ for your personal configuration file:

    mkdir ~/nextcloud
mkdir ~/.davfs2

  5. Kopier /etc/davfs2/secrets til ~/.davfs2:

    cp  /etc/davfs2/secrets ~/.davfs2/secrets

  6. Sett deg sjølv som eigaren og lag tillatingane som bare lese-skrive:

    chown <linux_username>:<linux_username> ~/.davfs2/secrets
chmod 600 ~/.davfs2/secrets

  7. Legg til din Nextcloud innloggings informasjon på slutten av den hemmelige filen, ved å nytte din Nextcloud tenar URL og ditt Nextcloud brukarnamn og passord:

    https://example.com/nextcloud/remote.php/dav/files/USERNAME/ <username> <password>
or
$PathToMountPoint $USERNAME $PASSWORD
for example
/home/user/nextcloud john 1234

  8. Legg til monterings informasjonen til /etc/fstab:

    https://example.com/nextcloud/remote.php/dav/files/USERNAME/ /home/<linux_username>/nextcloud davfs user,rw,auto 0 0

  9. Test deretter at det vert montert og autentifisert ved å nytte følgende kommando. Om du set opp korrekt vil du ikkje trenge rot tillating:

    mount ~/nextcloud

  10. Du bør også være i stand til å avmontere det:

    umount ~/nextcloud

No kvar gong du logger på ditt Linux system skal Nextcloud deling automatisk verte montert gjennom WebDAV i din ~/nextcloud katalog. Om du føretrekker å montere det manuellt, må du endre automatisk til ikkje automatisk i /etc/fstab.

Kjente problem

Problem

Resurs midlertidig utilgjengeleg

Løysing

Om du opplever trøbbel når du oppretter ei fil i katalogen, rediger /etc/davfs2/davfs2.conf og legg til:

use_locks 0

Problem

Sertifikat advarslar

Løysing

Om du nytter eit sjølv-signert sertifikat, vil du få ein advarsel. For å endre dette, må du konfigurere davfs2 for å gjenkjenne ditt sertifikat. Kopier mycertificate.pem til /etc/davfs2/certs/. Deretter rediger /etc/davfs2/davfs2.conf  og avkommenter linja servercert. Legg no til vegen til ditt sertifikat som i dette eksempelet:

servercert /etc/davfs2/certs/mycertificate.pem

Aksessere filer ved å bruke macOS

Note

The macOS Finder suffers from a series of implementation problems and should only be used if the Nextcloud server runs on Apache and mod_php, or Nginx 1.3.8+. Alternative macOS-compatible clients capable of accessing WebDAV shares include open source apps like Cyberduck (see instructions here) and Filezilla. Commercial clients include Mountain Duck, Forklift, Transmit, and Commander One.

For å aksessere filer gjennom macOS Finder:

  1. From the Finder’s top menu bar, choose Go > Connect to Server…:

    Screenshot of entering your Nextcloud server address on macOS

  2. When the Connect to Server… window opens, enter your Nextcloud server’s WebDAV address in the Server Address: field, i.e.:

    https://cloud.YOURDOMAIN.com/remote.php/dav/files/USERNAME/
    Screenshot: Enter Nextcloud server address in "Connect to Server…" dialog box

  3. Trykk Koble. Din WebDAV tenar bør aldri vises på skrivebordet som ein delt disk drive.

Aksessere filer gjennom å nytte Microsoft Windows

If you use the native Windows implementation of WebDAV, you can map Nextcloud to a new drive using Windows Explorer. Mapping to a drive enables you to browse files stored on a Nextcloud server the way you would browse files stored in a mapped network drive.

Når du nyttar denne funksjonen krever den nettverkstilkopling. Om du vil lagre filene dine fråkopla, bruk Skrivebords Klienten til å synkronisere alle filene dine på din Nextcloud til ein eller fleire katologar på din lokale hard drive.

Note

Windows 10 now defaults to allow Basic Authentication if HTTPS is enabled before mapping your drive.

On older versions of Windows, you must permit the use of Basic Authentication in the Windows Registry:

  • launch regedit and navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\WebClient\Parameters.

  • Create or edit the BasicAuthLevel (Windows Vista, 7 and 8), or UseBasicAuth (Windows XP and Windows Server 2003), DWORD value and set its value data to 1 for SSL connections. A value of 0 means that Basic Authentication is disabled, and a value of 2 allows both SSL and non-SSL connections (not recommended).

  • Then exit Registry Editor, and restart the computer.

Tilordne drives med kommandolinjen

Det følgande eksempelet viser korleis du mapper ein drive ved å nytte kommandolinjen. For å mappe driven:

  1. Opne ein ledetekst i Windows.

  2. Legg inn følgande linje i kommandolinjen for å tilordne datamaskinen sin Z drive

    net use Z: https://<drive_path>/remote.php/dav/files/USERNAME/ /user:youruser yourpassword

    with <drive_path> as the URL to your Nextcloud server. For example:

    net use Z: https://example.com/nextcloud/remote.php/dav/files/USERNAME/ /user:youruser yourpassword

    Datamaskinen tilordner filene til din Nextcloud konto til driver bokstaven Z.

Note

If you get the following error System error 67 has occurred. The network name cannot be found., open the Services app and make sure that the WebClient service is running and started automatically at startup.

Note

Though not recommended, you can also mount the Nextcloud server using HTTP, leaving the connection unencrypted.

If you plan to use HTTP connections on devices while in a public place, we strongly recommend using a VPN tunnel to provide the necessary security.

Ein alternativ kommando syntaks er:

net use Z: \\example.com@ssl\nextcloud\remote.php\dav /user:youruser
yourpassword

Tilordne mapper med Windows Explorer

To map a drive using Microsoft Windows Explorer:

  1. Opne Windows Explorer på din MS Windows datamaskin.

  2. Høgre-klikk på Datamaskin inngang og velg Tilordne nettverk drive… frå nedtrekksmenyen.

  3. Velg ein lokal nettverks driver som du vil tilordne Nextcloud.

  4. Spesifiser adressa til din Nextcloud forekomst, etterfulgt av /remote.php/dav/files/USERNAME/.

    For eksempel:

    https://example.com/nextcloud/remote.php/dav/files/USERNAME/

    Note

    For SSL-protected servers, check Reconnect at sign-in to ensure that the mapping is persistent upon subsequent reboots. If you want to connect to the Nextcloud server as a different user, check Connect using different credentials.

    Screenshot of mapping WebDAV on Windows Explorer

  1. Trykk på Fullfør knappen.

Windows Explorer tilordner nettverks tenaren, som gjer Nextcloud forekomsten tilgjengeleg.

Aksessere filer ved å bruke Cyberduck.

Cyberduck is an open source FTP, SFTP, WebDAV, OpenStack Swift, and Amazon S3 browser designed for file transfers on macOS and Windows.

Note

Dette eksempelet nyttar Cyberduck 4.2.1.

For å bruke Cyberduck:

  1. Specify a server without any leading protocol information.

    For example: example.com

  2. Specify the appropriate port.

    The port you choose depends on whether or not your Nextcloud server supports SSL. Cyberduck requires that you select a different connection type if you plan to use SSL.

    For example:

    • 80 for unencrypted WebDAV

    • 443 for secure WebDAV (HTTPS/SSL)

  3. Use the ’More Options’ drop-down menu to add the rest of your WebDAV URL into the ’Path’ field.

    For example: remote.php/dav/files/USERNAME/

Cyberduck gjer no fil aksess mogleg på Nextcloud tenaren.

Aksessering av offentlege delingar over WebDAV

Nextcloud provides the possibility to access public shares anonymously over WebDAV.

For å aksessere dei offentlege delingene, opne:

https://example.com/nextcloud/public.php/webdav

in a WebDAV client, use the share token as username and the (optional) share password as the password. For example, with a share link https://example.com/s/kFy9Lek5sm928xP, kFy9Lek5sm928xP will be the username.

Note

Settings → Administration → Sharing → Allow users on this server to send shares to other servers. This option also allows WebDAV access to public shares and needs to be enabled to make this feature work, except if cURL is being used (see below).

Kjende problem

Problem

Windows vert ikkje tilkopla ved bruk av HTTPS.

Løysing 1

Windows WebDAV Klienten støttar kanskje ikkje Tenar Namn Indikasjon (SNI) på krypterte koplingar. Om du kjem øve ein feilmelding under montering av ein SSL-kryptert Nextcloud forekomst, kontakt din leverandør om å tildele ein dedikert IP adresse til din SSL-baserte tenar.

Løysing 2

Windows WebDAV Klienten støtter kanskje ikkje TLSv1.1 og TLSv1.2 koplingar. Om du har avgrensa din tenar konfigurer til berre å gi TLSv1.1 og øve vil kanskje tilkopling til din tenar mislykkas. Vennligst referer til WinHTTP dokumentasjon for vidare informasjon.

Problem

Om du får opp følgande feilmelding: **Feil 0x800700DF: Filstørrelsen overgår den tillatte grensa og kan ikkje bli lagret.

Løysing

Windows avgrenser den maksimale størrelsen som ein fil sendt frå eller til WebDAV kan ha. Du kan auke verdien FileSizeLimitInBytes i HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\WebClient\Parameters ved å klikke på Modify.

For å auke grensa til den maksimale verdien av 4GB, velg Desimal, legg inn verdien 4294967295, og restart Windows eller restart **WebKlient* tenesten.

Problem

Adding a WebDAV drive on Windows via the above described steps does not display the correct size of in Nextcloud available space and instead shows the size of the C: drive with its available space.

Answer

Unfortunately is this a limitation of WebDAV itself, because it does not provide a way for the client to get the available free space from the server. Windows automatically falls back to show the size of the C: drive with its available space instead. So unfortunately there is no real solution to this problem.

Problem

Aksesser filene dine frå Microsoft Office gjennom WebDAV feil.

Løysing

Kjende problem og løysinga på dei er dokumentert i KB2123563 artikkelen.

Problem

Cannot map Nextcloud as a WebDAV drive in Windows using a self-signed certificate.

Løysing

  1. Access to your Nextcloud instance via your favorite Web browser.

  2. Klikk gjennom til du kjem til sertifikat feilmeldingen i nettlesaren sin status linje.

  3. View the certificate, then from the Details tab, select ’Copy to File’.

  4. Save the file to your desktop with an arbitrary name, for example myNextcloud.pem.

  5. Go to Start menu > Run, type MMC, and click ’OK’ to open Microsoft Management Console.

  6. Go to File > Add/Remove Snap-In.

  7. Select Certificates, Click ’Add’, choose ’My User Account’, then ’Finish’, and finally ’OK’.

  8. Grav ned for å Stole på Grunnleggende Sertifikasjons Autoritetar, Sertifikat.

  9. Right-Click Certificate, Select All Tasks, and Import.

  10. Select the saved certificate from the Desktop.

  11. Select Place all Certificates in the following Store, and click Browse.

  12. Check the Box that says Show Physical Stores, expand out Trusted Root Certification Authorities, select Local Computer there, click ’OK’, and Complete the Import.

  13. Check the list to make sure the certificate shows up. You will probably need to Refresh before you see it.

  14. Exit MMC.

For Firefox users:

  1. Launch your browser, go to Application menu > History > Clear recent history…

  2. Select ’Everything’ in the ’Time range to clear’ dropdown menu

  3. Select the ’Active Logins’ check box

  4. Click the ’Clear now’ button

  5. Close the browser, then re-open and test.

For Chrome-based browsers (Chrome, Chromium, Microsoft Edge) users:

  1. Open Windows Control Panel, navigate down to Internet Options

  2. In the Content tab, click the Clear SSL State button.

  3. Close the browser, then re-open and test.

Aksessere filer ved bruk av cURL

Since WebDAV is an extension of HTTP, cURL can be used to script file operations.

Note

Settings → Administration → Sharing → Allow users on this server to send shares to other servers. If this option is disabled, the option --header "X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest" needs to be passed to cURL.

For å opprette ei mappe med den gjeldande datoen som namn.

$ curl -u user:pass -X MKCOL "https://example.com/nextcloud/remote.php/dav/files/USERNAME/$(date '+%d-%b-%Y')"

For å opplaste ei fil error.log inn I den katalogen.

$ curl -u user:pass -T error.log "https://example.com/nextcloud/remote.php/dav/files/USERNAME/$(date '+%d-%b-%Y')/error.log"

For å flytte ei fil:

$ curl -u user:pass -X MOVE --header 'Destination: https://example.com/nextcloud/remote.php/dav/files/USERNAME/target.jpg' https://example.com/nextcloud/remote.php/dav/files/USERNAME/source.jpg

Slik får du eigenskapane til filene i rotmappen.

    $ curl -X PROPFIND -H "Depth: 1" -u user:pass https://example.com/nextcloud/remote.php/dav/files/USERNAME/ | xml_pp
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<d:multistatus xmlns:d="DAV:" xmlns:oc="http://nextcloud.org/ns" xmlns:s="http://sabredav.org/ns">
  <d:response>
    <d:href>/nextcloud/remote.php/dav/files/USERNAME/</d:href>
    <d:propstat>
      <d:prop>
        <d:getlastmodified>Tue, 13 Oct 2015 17:07:45 GMT</d:getlastmodified>
        <d:resourcetype>
          <d:collection/>
        </d:resourcetype>
        <d:quota-used-bytes>163</d:quota-used-bytes>
        <d:quota-available-bytes>11802275840</d:quota-available-bytes>
        <d:getetag>"561d3a6139d05"</d:getetag>
      </d:prop>
      <d:status>HTTP/1.1 200 OK</d:status>
    </d:propstat>
  </d:response>
  <d:response>
    <d:href>/nextcloud/remote.php/dav/files/USERNAME/welcome.txt</d:href>
    <d:propstat>
      <d:prop>
        <d:getlastmodified>Tue, 13 Oct 2015 17:07:35 GMT</d:getlastmodified>
        <d:getcontentlength>163</d:getcontentlength>
        <d:resourcetype/>
        <d:getetag>"47465fae667b2d0fee154f5e17d1f0f1"</d:getetag>
        <d:getcontenttype>text/plain</d:getcontenttype>
      </d:prop>
      <d:status>HTTP/1.1 200 OK</d:status>
    </d:propstat>
  </d:response>
</d:multistatus>

Accessing files using WinSCP

WinSCP is an open source free SFTP, FTP, WebDAV, S3, and SCP client for Windows. Its main function is file transfer between a local and a remote computer. Beyond this, WinSCP offers scripting and basic file management functionality.

You can download the portable version of WinSCP and run it on Linux through Wine.

To run WinSCP on Linux, download wine through your distribution’s package manager, then run it with the command: wine WinSCP.exe.

To connect to Nextcloud:

  • Start WinSCP

  • Press ’Session’ in the menu

  • Press the ’New Session’ menu option

  • Set the ’File protocol’ dropdown to WebDAV

  • Set the ’Encryption’ dropdown to TLS/SSL Implicit encryption

  • Fill in the hostname field: example.com

  • Fill in the username field: NEXTCLOUDUSERNAME

  • Fill in the password field: NEXTCLOUDPASSWORD

  • Press the ’Advanced…’ button

  • Navigate to ’Environment’, ’Directories’ on the left side

  • Fill in the ’Remote directory’ field with the following: /nextcloud/remote.php/dav/files/NEXTCLOUDUSERNAME/

  • Press the ’OK’ button

  • Press the ’Save’ button

  • Select the desired options and press the ’OK’ button

  • Press the ’Login’ button to connect to Nextcloud

Note

It is recommended to use an app password for the password if you use TOTP as WinSCP does not understand TOTP with Nextcloud at the time of writing (2022-11-07).