Memory caching
You can significantly improve your Nextcloud server performance with memory caching, where frequently-requested objects are stored in memory for faster retrieval. There are two types of caches to use: a PHP opcode cache, which is commonly called opcache, and data cache for your web server, commonly called “memcache”.
Note
If you do not install and enable a local memcache you will see a
warning on your Nextcloud admin page. A memcache is not required. You
may safely ignore the warning if you prefer. If you enable only a
distributed cache (memcache.distributed) in your config.php and not
a local cache (memcache.local) you will still see the cache warning.
A PHP opcache stores compiled PHP scripts, so they don’t need to be re-compiled every time they are called. PHP bundles the Zend OPcache in core since version 5.5, so you don’t need to install an opcache manually.
Data caching is supplied by the user. Nextcloud supports multiple memory caching backends, so you can choose the type of memcache that best fits your needs. The supported caching backends are:
- APCu, APCu 4.0.6 and up required.
A local cache for systems.
- Redis, server 4.0.0 and up required.
For local and distributed caching, as well as transactional file locking.
- Memcached
For distributed caching.
Data caches, or memcaches, must be explicitly configured in Nextcloud by installing
and enabling your desired cache, and then adding the appropriate entry to
config.php (See Configuration Parameters for an overview of
all possible config parameters).
Recommendations based on type of deployment
You may use both a local and a distributed cache. Recommended caches are APCu and Redis. After installing and enabling your chosen memcache (data cache), verify that it is active by running PHP version and information.
Note
See specific cache configuration options under the appropriate section further down.
Small/Private home server
Only use APCu:
'memcache.local' => '\OC\Memcache\APCu',
Organizations with single-server
Use Redis for everything except local memcache:
'memcache.local' => '\OC\Memcache\APCu',
'memcache.distributed' => '\OC\Memcache\Redis',
'memcache.locking' => '\OC\Memcache\Redis',
'redis' => [
'host' => 'localhost',
'port' => 6379,
],
Organizations with clustered setups
Use APCu for local cache and either Redis cluster …:
'memcache.local' => '\OC\Memcache\APCu',
'memcache.distributed' => '\OC\Memcache\Redis',
'memcache.locking' => '\OC\Memcache\Redis',
'redis.cluster' => [
'seeds' => [ // provide some/all of the cluster servers to bootstrap discovery, port required
'cache-cluster:7000',
'cache-cluster:7001',
],
],
… or Memcached cluster …:
'memcache.local' => '\OC\Memcache\APCu',
'memcache.distributed' => '\OC\Memcache\Memcached',
'memcache.locking' => '\OC\Memcache\Memcached',
'memcached_servers' => [
[ 'server1.example.com', 11211 ],
[ 'server2.example.com', 11211 ],
],
… for distributed and locking caches.
Note
If you run multiple web servers and enable a distributed cache in
your config.php (memcache.distributed) or a file locking provider
(memcache.locking) you need to make sure that they are referring to the
very same memcache server/cluster and not to localhost or a unix socket.
Additional notes for Redis vs. APCu on memory caching
APCu is faster at local caching than Redis. If you have enough memory, use APCu for Memory Caching and Redis for File Locking. If you are low on memory, use Redis for both.
APCu
APCu is a data cache, and it is available in most
Linux distributions. On Red Hat/CentOS/Fedora systems install
php-pecl-apcu. On Debian/Ubuntu/Mint systems install php-apcu.
After restarting your Web server, add this line to your config.php file:
'memcache.local' => '\OC\Memcache\APCu',
Refresh your Nextcloud admin page, and the cache warning should disappear.
Depending on your installation size and the number of users and interactions
with the system you may want to adapt the apc.shm_size setting in your
php.ini. The default value is 32M which is usually too low for Nextcloud. A
good starting point is 128M. If you have a lot of users and/or a lot of apps
installed you may want to increase this value further. Keep in mind that this
memory needs to be available in your system’s memory and kept in mind when
sizing the amount of workers on your server.
A frequently resetting cache can lead to unexpected slow downs when the cache is being cleared and refilled.
There is an admin check trying to detect too low memory sizing, but make sure to monitor the APCu cache status to see if the cache is full and if you need to increase the size. APCu provides a script that can help with this, otherwise the serverinfo app in Nextcloud can also show the APCu cache status.
Redis
Redis is an excellent modern memcache to use for distributed caching, and as a key-value store for Transactional File Locking because it guarantees that cached objects are available for as long as they are needed.
The Redis PHP module must be version 2.2.6+. If you are running a Linux distribution that does not package the supported versions of this module, or does not package Redis at all, see Memcached.
On Debian/Ubuntu/Mint, install redis-server and php-redis. The installer
will automatically launch redis-server and configure it to launch at
startup.
On CentOS and Fedora, install redis and php-pecl-redis. It will not
start automatically, so you must use your service manager to start
redis, and to launch it at boot as a daemon.
You can verify that the Redis daemon is running with ps ax:
ps ax | grep redis
22203 ? Ssl 0:00 /usr/bin/redis-server 127.0.0.1:6379
Restart your Web server, add the appropriate entries to your config.php, and
refresh your Nextcloud admin page.
Redis configuration in Nextcloud (config.php)
For best performance, use Redis for file locking by adding this:
'memcache.locking' => '\OC\Memcache\Redis',
Additionally, you should use Redis for the distributed server cache:
'memcache.distributed' => '\OC\Memcache\Redis',
Furthermore, you could use Redis for the local cache like so, but it’s not recommended (see warning below):
'memcache.local' => '\OC\Memcache\Redis',
Warning
Using Redis for local cache on a multi-server setup can cause issues. Also, even on a single-server setup, APCu (see section above) should be faster.
When using Redis for any of the above cache settings, you also need to
specify either the redis or redis.cluster configuration in config.php.
The following options are available to configure when using a single redis server (all but host and port are optional. For the latter two, see the next sections):
'memcache.locking' => '\OC\Memcache\Redis',
'memcache.distributed' => '\OC\Memcache\Redis',
'memcache.local' =>'\OC\Memcache\Redis' ,
'redis' => [
// 'host' => see connection parameters below
// 'port' => see connection parameters below
'user' => 'nextcloud',
'password' => 'password',
'dbindex' => 0,
'timeout' => 1.5,
'read_timeout' => 1.5,
],
The following options are available to configure when using a redis cluster (all but seeds are optional):
'memcache.locking' => '\OC\Memcache\Redis',
'memcache.distributed' => '\OC\Memcache\Redis',
'memcache.local' =>'\OC\Memcache\Redis' ,
'redis.cluster' => [
'seeds' => [ // provide some/all of the cluster servers to bootstrap discovery, port required
'cache-cluster:7000',
'cache-cluster:7001',
'cache-cluster:7002',
'cache-cluster:7003',
'cache-cluster:7004',
'cache-cluster:7005'
],
'failover_mode' => \RedisCluster::FAILOVER_ERROR,
'timeout' => 0.0,
'read_timeout' => 0.0,
'user' => 'nextcloud',
'password' => 'password',
'dbindex' => 0,
],
Note
The port is required as part of the server URL. However, it is not necessary to list all servers: for example, if all servers are load balanced via the same DNS name, only that server name is required.
Connecting to single Redis server over TCP
To connect to a remote or local Redis server over TCP use:
'redis' => [
'host' => 'redis-host.example.com',
'port' => 6379,
],
Connecting to single Redis server over TLS
To connect via TCP over TLS, add the following configuration:
'redis' => [
'host' => 'tls://127.0.0.1',
'port' => 6379,
'ssl_context' => [
'local_cert' => '/certs/redis.crt',
'local_pk' => '/certs/redis.key',
'cafile' => '/certs/ca.crt',
'verify_peer_name' => false,
],
],
Connecting to Redis cluster over TLS
To connect via TCP over TLS, add the following configuration:
'redis.cluster' => [
'seeds' => [ // provide some/all of the cluster servers to bootstrap discovery, port required
'cache-cluster:7000',
'cache-cluster:7001',
],
'ssl_context' => [
'local_cert' => '/certs/redis.crt',
'local_pk' => '/certs/redis.key',
'cafile' => '/certs/ca.crt',
'verify_peer_name' => false,
],
],
Connecting to single Redis server over UNIX socket
If you want to connect to Redis configured to listen on an Unix socket (which is
recommended if Redis is running on the same system as Nextcloud) use this example
config.php configuration:
'redis' => [
'host' => '/run/redis/redis-server.sock',
'port' => 0,
],
Only “host” and “port” variables are required, the other ones are optional.
Update the redis configuration in /etc/redis/redis.conf accordingly: uncomment Unix socket options and ensure the “socket” and “port” settings match your Nextcloud configuration.
Be sure to set the right permissions on redis.sock so that your webserver can read and write to it. For this you typically have to add the webserver user to the redis group:
usermod -a -G redis www-data
And modify the unixsocketperm of the redis.conf accordingly:
unixsocketperm 770
You might need to restart apache and redis for the changes to take effect:
systemctl restart apache2
systemctl restart redis-server
Redis is very configurable; consult the Redis documentation to learn more.
Using the Redis session handler
If you are using Redis for locking and/or caching,
you may also wish to use Redis for session management. Redis can be used for centralized
session management across multiple Nextcloud application servers, unlike the standard
files handler. If you use the Redis handler, though, you MUST ensure that session
locking is enabled. As of this writing, the Redis session handler does NOT enable
session locking by default, which can lead to session corruption in some Nextcloud apps
that make heavy use of session writes such as Talk. In addition, even when session locking
is enabled, if the application fails to acquire a lock, the Redis session handler does not
currently return an error. Adding the following settings in your php.ini file will
prevent session corruption when using Redis as your session handler:
redis.session.locking_enabled=1
redis.session.lock_retries=-1
redis.session.lock_wait_time=10000
More information on configuration of phpredis session handler can be found on the PhpRedis GitHub page
Memcached
Memcached is a reliable oldtimer for shared caching on distributed servers, and performs well with Nextcloud with one exception: it is not suitable to use with Transactional File Locking because it does not store locks, and data can disappear from the cache at any time (Redis is the best memcache for this).
Note
Be sure to install the memcached PHP module, and not memcache, as in the following examples. Nextcloud supports only the memcached PHP module.
Setting up Memcached is easy. On Debian/Ubuntu/Mint install memcached and
php-memcached. The installer will automatically start memcached and
configure it to launch at startup.
On Red Hat/CentOS/Fedora install memcached and
php-pecl-memcached. It will not start automatically, so you must use
your service manager to start memcached, and to launch it at boot as a
daemon.
You can verify that the Memcached daemon is running with ps ax:
ps ax | grep memcached
19563 ? Sl 0:02 /usr/bin/memcached -m 64 -p 11211 -u memcache -l
127.0.0.1
Restart your Web server, add the appropriate entries to your
config.php, and refresh your Nextcloud admin page.
Memcached configuration in Nextcloud (config.php)
This example uses APCu for the local cache, Memcached as the distributed memcache, and lists all the servers in the shared cache pool with their port numbers:
'memcache.local' => '\OC\Memcache\APCu',
'memcache.distributed' => '\OC\Memcache\Memcached',
'memcache.locking' => '\OC\Memcache\Memcached',
'memcached_servers' => [
[ 'server0.example.com', 11211 ],
[ 'server1.example.com', 11211 ],
[ 'server2.example.com', 11211 ],
],
Cache Directory location
The cache directory defaults to data/$user/cache where $user is the
current user. You may use the 'cache_path' directive in config.php
(See Configuration Parameters) to select a different location.