Reverse proxy

Nextcloud can be run through a reverse proxy, which can cache static assets such as images, CSS or JS files, move the load of handling HTTPS to a different server or load balance between multiple servers.

Defining trusted proxies

For security, you must explicitly define the proxy servers that Nextcloud is to trust. Connections from trusted proxies will be specially treated to get the real client information, for use in access control and logging. Parameters are configured in config/config.php

Set the trusted_proxies parameter as an array of:

IPv4 addresses
IPv4 ranges in CIDR notation
IPv6 addresses
IPv6 ranges in CIDR notation

to define the servers Nextcloud should trust as proxies. This parameter provides protection against client spoofing, and you should secure those servers as you would your Nextcloud server.

A reverse proxy can define HTTP headers with the original client IP address, and Nextcloud can use those headers to retrieve that IP address. Nextcloud uses the de-facto standard header ‘X-Forwarded-For’ by default, but this can be configured with the forwarded_for_headers parameter. This parameter is an array of PHP lookup strings, for example ‘X-Forwarded-For’ becomes ‘HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR’. Incorrectly setting this parameter may allow clients to spoof their IP address as visible to Nextcloud, even when going through the trusted proxy! The correct value for this parameter is dependent on your proxy software.

Overwrite parameters

The automatic hostname, protocol or webroot detection of Nextcloud can fail in certain reverse proxy situations. This configuration allows the automatic detection to be manually overridden. If Nextcloud fails to automatically detect the hostname, protocol or webroot you can use the overwrite parameters inside the config/config.php.

overwritehost set the hostname of the proxy. You can also specify a port.
overwriteprotocol set the protocol of the proxy. You can choose between the two options http and https.
overwritewebroot set the absolute web path of the proxy to the Nextcloud folder.
overwritecondaddr overwrite the values dependent on the remote address. The value must be a regular expression of the IP addresses of the proxy. This is useful when you use a reverse SSL proxy only for https access and you want to use the automatic detection for http access.
overwrite.cli.url the base URL for any URLs which are generated within Nextcloud using any kind of command line tools. For example, the value set here will be used by the notifications area.

Leave the value empty or omit the parameter to keep the automatic detection.

Service Discovery

The redirects for CalDAV or CardDAV does not work if Nextcloud is running behind a reverse proxy. The recommended solution is that your reverse proxy does the redirects.

Apache2

RewriteEngine On
RewriteRule ^/\.well-known/carddav https://%{SERVER_NAME}/remote.php/dav/ [R=301,L]
RewriteRule ^/\.well-known/caldav https://%{SERVER_NAME}/remote.php/dav/ [R=301,L]

Thanks to @ffried for apache2 example.

Traefik 1

Using Docker labels:

traefik.frontend.redirect.permanent: 'true'
traefik.frontend.redirect.regex: 'https://(.*)/.well-known/(?:card|cal)dav'
traefik.frontend.redirect.replacement: 'https://$$1/remote.php/dav'

Using traefik.toml:

[frontends.frontend1.redirect]
  regex = "https://(.*)/.well-known/(?:card|cal)dav"
  replacement = "https://$1/remote.php/dav
  permanent = true

Thanks to @pauvos and @mrtumnus for traefik examples.

Traefik 2

Using Docker labels:

- "traefik.http.routers.nextcloud.middlewares=nextcloud_redirectregex@docker"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.nextcloud_redirectregex.redirectregex.permanent=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.nextcloud_redirectregex.redirectregex.regex=https://(.*)/.well-known/(?:card|cal)dav"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.nextcloud_redirectregex.redirectregex.replacement=https://$${1}/remote.php/dav"

Using a TOML file:

[http.middlewares]
  [http.middlewares.nextcloud-redirectregex.redirectRegex]
    permanent = true
    regex = "https://(.*)/.well-known/(?:card|cal)dav"
    replacement = "https://${1}/remote.php/dav"

HAProxy

acl url_discovery path /.well-known/caldav /.well-known/carddav
http-request redirect location /remote.php/dav/ code 301 if url_discovery

NGINX

If using nginx as Nextcloud’s webserver from behind another nginx reverse proxy, put this only in the reverse proxy’s configuration.

location /.well-known/carddav {
    return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;
}

location /.well-known/caldav {
    return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;
}

location ^~ /.well-known {
    return 301 $scheme://$host/index.php$uri;
}

When using NGINX Proxy Manager, the entry proxy_hide_header Upgrade; must be added in the “Advanced Settings” of the proxy host under “Custom Nginx Configuration”, otherwise mobile devices (iPad, iPhone etc.) will simply receive the Error Message “Connection Closed”.

Caddy

subdomain.example.com {
    redir /.well-known/carddav /remote.php/dav/ 301
    redir /.well-known/caldav /remote.php/dav/ 301

    reverse_proxy {$NEXTCLOUD_HOST:localhost}
}

Example

Multiple domains reverse SSL proxy

If you want to access your Nextcloud installation http://domain.tld/nextcloud via a multiple domains reverse SSL proxy https://ssl-proxy.tld/domain.tld/nextcloud with the IP address 10.0.0.1 you can set the following parameters inside the config/config.php.

<?php
$CONFIG = array (
  'trusted_proxies'   => ['10.0.0.1'],
  'overwritehost'     => 'ssl-proxy.tld',
  'overwriteprotocol' => 'https',
  'overwritewebroot'  => '/domain.tld/nextcloud',
  'overwritecondaddr' => '^10\.0\.0\.1$',
  'overwrite.cli.url' => 'https://domain.tld/,
);

Note

If you want to use the SSL proxy during installation you have to create the config/config.php otherwise you have to extend the existing $CONFIG array.